"Blueness" of the sky in physics textbooks explain by Rayleigh scattering of light rays - that is, increase scattering in the blue part of the spectrum and decrease - in the red.
Here he writes about the scattering of light Pasachoff, Jay M, in his book «Completed idiot's guide to the sun»: "When light bounces off tiny particles, we say that it is «scattered». Its direction changes, and it can bounce around. But the shorter the wavelength, the more effectively light is scattered. So blue light scatters more effectively than red light. ... When the scattering particles get bigger compared to the wavelength of light, don’t cause Rayleigh scattering any more. Then they scatter evenly across the spectrum. So though the particles that make the sky blue are small, larger particles merely spread out the sunlight in various directions. The larger molecules of water vapor that make up clouds spread out the sunlight evenly/ That is why clouds are white. ... As the sunlight travels through the air, it undergoes Rayleigh scattering. At sunset, that makes the sky blue for the people on the Earth between you and the setting Sun. Their blue skies subtract so much sunlight that is left appears reddish".
We have to understand, that is a scattering of streams of elementary particles. Scattering - this is the same as the refraction - that is, deviation of the trajectories of elementary particles under the influence of Gravity Fields (Pulling Fields) of chemical elements. Indeed, to the violet end of the spectrum (but not to blue), the scattering of particles increases, and red - is reduced. But if we agree with scholars and find the cause of blue sky more scattering of blue light rays, then it would be logical to assume that the atmosphere should not be painted in blue, and purple, as the scattering of violet rays, even more than blue.
Why do not we abandon this point of view and simply assume that the blue color of the atmosphere due to the presence in it of some substance with that color. Let us turn to the qualitative and quantitative composition of the air. "The air, a mixture of gases that make up the Earth's atmosphere: nitrogen (78.08%), oxygen (20.95%), inert gases (0,94%), carbon dioxide (0,03) ... liquid air - a bluish liquid "(Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, edited by Prokhorov A. M., the article" Air ").
Nitrogen, oxygen, inert gases and carbon dioxide - the optically transparent material with no color. But this liquid air - a bluish liquid, i.e. has the same color as the sky above us. In addition, the liquid oxygen - a light blue liquid. Is not there connection? Connection is. Obviously,.blueness of the atmosphere gives the ozone. In general, chemists know two main types of oxygen - normal, which usually surrounds us and which we breathe, and ozone, which is part of the ozone shield and is formed during thunderstorms. What is the difference between them?
Oxygen - a very active oxidizing agent. The element oxygen has a light nucleus. In addition, a characteristic of the elements oxygen, combines it with other elements of the second group of the periodic table - is the presence in its superficial layers of the large percentage of the IR and radio photons of red (with, as you know, Repulsion Fields) as well as visible photons blue (with Gravity Field). Light nucleus, as well as great content in the surface layers of particles with Repulsion Fields (Antigravity Fields) is the reason that oxygen under standard conditions gas – i.e., manifests as a whole outside the total field of repulsion. However, the visible photons are blue (with Gravity Fields) are the reason for the existence on its surface zones, where the element manifests its Gravity Field. It is in these areas there is an accumulation by element free elementary particles (mainly of solar origin). But in areas where are located the particles with the Repulsion Fields, free particles do not accumulate.
Ozone - it's the oxygen lost from the periphery partially or fully accumulated by it elementary particles. In a narrow sense, ozone is the only free oxygen lost free particles. And in a broadest sense, any element of oxygen lost from the periphery of free particles is in a state of ozone. It is in this "ozone" condition there is the oxygen in the composition of chemical compounds. This means that and in the water, and in the carbon dioxide the oxygen is in the state of the ozone.
Chemically, ozone is more active than normal oxygen - that is, easily enter into chemical compounds. This feature is precisely due to the loss from the periphery of the accumulated free particles. The accumulation of particles increased the distance to the center of a chemical element, which reduced the Gravity Force directed to the center of this element. And also this element with less Force (Gravitation) are attracting by other elements. Exemption from the accumulated free particles led to the fact that the pursuit of this element to connect with other elements increases. For this reason, oxygen in the ozone state, is better gravitated to other elements and form with them chemical bonds.
The presence of free particles in usual oxygen and the absence of these particles in ozone is the reason of differences in their coloring. Usual oxygen is colorless, and ozone – blue or light blue (this color - a light shade of blue, and not a self-color). Colorlessness of usual oxygen is explained by the predominance in its peripheral layers of IR and radio photons of red color. Their emission in response to a drop of sunlight does not cause us color sensation.
That's why usual oxygen, whose peripheral layers are closed by accumulated particles, is colorless. But here at the oxygen in the ozone state the peripheral layers are open. Therefore, in the fall of the elementary particles into elements of ozone, is ejection visible photons, the inherent oxygen. And those elements of oxygen, which dominate the composition of the Earth, in the periphery of most are visible photons pure blue (i.e., not those that in the green or purple). These visible photons are among the blue visible photons have medium-sized Gravitational Fields. Hence the blue color of the oxygen in the ozone state.
And now, some more of scientific facts in favor that the ozone is the cause of the blue color of the sky.
"Those present in the Earth's atmosphere, vapors of water, carbon dioxide, ozone and other chemical compounds are intensely absorb infrared radiation (" Space Physics ", Ch. Editor Pikel'ner, the article " Infrared ").
Infrared radiation - is the elementary particles of higher levels of Physical Plan, compared to optical photons. I.e. Gravitational Fields of these particles have a smaller magnitude, and Repulsion Fields greater than those of visible photons.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is too small to the cold oxygen can paint the air in blue color. However, the blueness of the depth water, and the bluish color of rain clouds, we can observe due to the large concentration of water molecules. In addition, the oxygen dissolve in the water additionally. The more oxygen dissolved in water, the more blue it is. Many would agree that in cold weather and in cold climates water is painted in a bright blue color. This is due to the fact that the lower the temperature of the atmosphere, the greater the concentration of oxygen near the surface of the earth (and water), and the easier it combines with hydrogen of water due to a strong gravitational fields of both elements - air oxygen and water hydrogen - in due to their low temperature.
Rain clouds are blue again because of the fact that the constituent elements of water (hydrogen and oxygen) have lost a lot of accumulated of free particles, because of which become bare their peripheral particles with the Gravitational Fields, resulting in a Centripetal Gravitational Fields elements begin to be more pronounced outside. The result - the relationship between the water molecules become stronger, drops become larger. Clouds ready to shed the rain. Here we should note that chilled the chemical elements the planet's surface and ambient air take away particles accumulating by the elements of hydrogen and oxygen of water. That's why the rain begins to flow when the air temperature and surface decreases.
"Ozone shield " - is nothing like a cold oxygen in the air in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere at altitudes of 15-50 km. Most of all cold-oxygen (ozone) at an altitude of 15 km. The reason is that the air temperature at this altitude ranging from -45 to -75 degrees Celsius. Because the oxygen is there in the cold state - in the form of ozone.
Color of the ozone shield - this is the color of the sky. In hot weather and in warm climates, the sky is called "above". The reason is that the higher the temperature of the atmosphere, the higher the concentration of oxygen in the upper atmosphere, and less than - the Earth's surface. Occurs a kind of intensification of the "ozone shield" - it gets more oxygen, which rises from the surface upwards.
Therefore, from winter to summer in the Northern Hemisphere there is a gradual "rising of heaven." Ie visually perceiving by us "blueness" of sky as if is distanced (which corresponds to reality). It can also explain why the cold weather and in cold climates, "the sky falls." From summer to winter oxygen gradually approaches the surface. "Blueness" like coming down to the surface, and we can see in clear weather, sort of blueness of the surrounding air. The concentration of oxygen in the Earth's surface increases, while at the height of "ozone shield" falls.
Namely the ozone "shield" and water vapors, dispersed in the atmosphere, give the Earth as seen from space, the blue color.
There is another place where we can see the blue color of cold oxygen. This is the blood of animals and humans. More specifically, the venous blood.
Loss from the periphery of the particles with the Repulsion Fields means that a chemical element is deprived of his "ether suppliers". Indeed, precisely because of the predominance in its structure of particles with Repulsion Fields usual oxygen manifests outside the total Repulsion Field. Thus, ozone has a weak Gravitational Field. As you know, elements with Gravitational Fields have the ability to dissipate the elementary particles. Ie they attract in its direction moving elementary particles, supporting, thus, their inertial motion and accelerating. As a result, solar elementary particles moving in the environment of the elements of ozone, bump into these elements more frequently and at higher speeds, as compared with the medium of the usual elements of oxygen. This fact and the fact that the periphery of the elements of ozone is devoid of particles with fields Repulsion and blue visible photons are therefore more exposed, leads to the fact that a greater number of blue visible photons emitted in response to a drop on them solar particle compared to a conventional oxygen . Hence the blue color of ozone and the bluish color of the compounds where oxygen is in a state of the ozone. In the carbon dioxide the ozone state of oxygen less pronounced compared to water, because carbon exhibits less strong metallic properties in comparison with hydrogen, and therefore in the formation of compounds with oxygen takes off from him less the particles from the periphery.